The majestic muskie is an impressive top predator found throughout Hudson Bay, Saint Lawrence Bay, the Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins. These predators use ambush tactics to attack prey such as yellow perch, gizzard shad, waterfowl, and muskrats; among their meals may also be yellow perch from Hudson Bay itself!
White crappie were extensively stocked during the 1930s through 1960s, and now occur in many river drainages (USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program 2018). They are widely distributed, abundant, and beloved among anglers using ultralight spinning tackle.
Largemouth Bass
The largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is an angler’s go-to freshwater game fish. A predator and primary food source, this aquatic predator can be found throughout North America and globally introduced populations.
Flies are large-bodied fish with broad black stripes that typically break up into blotches along their bodies. Adults feature long upper jaws which reach beyond the rear margin of the eye, and dorsal fins have both spiny anterior sections and soft posterior sections with 12-14 rays.
Bass thrive in clear, warm, and nutrient-rich lakes, ponds, creeks and small to medium rivers that contain ample food sources like lakes, ponds, creeks, and small to medium rivers. Although they prefer shallow waters with up to 12 parts per thousand dissolved oxygen concentrations, they can tolerate fairly brackish conditions for short periods. They usually prefer hiding behind covers such as vegetation, rocks, logs or submerged weeds to ambush prey from hiding spaces such as logs; their diet consists zooplankton; crabs, sunfishes, and their young.
Smallmouth Bass
Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) are deep-bodied sunfish-type fish weighing two to six pounds, featuring bronze to olive green bodies with dark spots or blotches that resemble bars on either side. Their anal fins feature three spines, each having ten or eleven rays; front dorsal fins feature nine to 11 spikes, while their soft rear dorsals remain relatively untouched.
Smallies thrive in cold, well-oxygenated waters with rocky river bottoms and shoals or still lakes and ponds; they prefer moderate currents with pools, glides, and some riffles but no fast current.
These aquatic insects seek out suitable spots in shallows for spawning and nest-building like rocky lake shoals or gravelly river shallows that provide shelter from currents and winds. Through human stocking programs and natural processes, these species have spread to numerous lakes, rivers, and man-made bodies of water across the US – they now inhabit most states and parts of Canada.
Rainbow Trout
Rainbow trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is a species of freshwater fish native to rivers and lakes draining into the Pacific on the West coast of North America but has since been widely farmed for consumption and introduced into other bodies of water outside its original range.
Rainbow trout are often seen swimming through rivers and streams, although they are also found in lakes and reservoirs. As opportunistic feeders, rainbow trout consume aquatic insects, fish eggs, crustaceans, and zooplankton for sustenance. Their deep color patterns help them avoid being noticed by predators by making them blend into the surrounding water – their deep color patterns help them blend seamlessly into their environment as a form of protection from potential harm.
Fish that prefer cool temperatures require complex environments with many rocks, boulders and woody materials for cover. When predators become too close, these species shoal and form large groups for survival purposes – an ability that makes this species popular with recreational fishermen who stock lakes with cool water temperatures for recreational fishing purposes.
Brook Trout
Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is a beloved freshwater species, beloved by both recreational and commercial anglers alike. Renowned for its delicate flavor and light texture, Brook Trout are often served smoked.
This species is found throughout most of northeastern United States and Canada in cold, clear mountain streams. It is a reliable indicator of water quality and can easily be identified by its distinctive mottling on the head, dorsal fin and lower fins.
Brook Trout typically spawn in shallow nests made of gravel or stones during autumn months, typically within their first or second year, where multiple males fertilize their eggs with male hormones to ovulate and fertilize them further. They reach maturity within this period and live up to 6 years before dying out or migrating further upstream.
These trout are opportunistic feeders, devouring land-based insects, amphibians, invertebrates, minnows and other small fish at their discretion. Crepuscular and most active at dawn and dusk. Adaptable to various pH levels than other trout, they also tend to feed off land-based insects like beetles.
Channel Catfish
The channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is one of North America’s most abundant freshwater species and a beloved sport fish for anglers. Able to adapt itself to almost any habitat such as reservoirs, ponds, rivers, and creeks – including aquaculture operations and backyard ponds – this fish appears every springtime as part of its annual migration pattern.
Channel catfish are omnivorous fishes, feeding on aquatic insects, crayfish, mollusks, crustaceans, and other fish species. To locate food in murky water environments, they use their sense of taste, which contains special taste buds along their skin barbels and in their mouth, pharynx, and gill arches to detect it.
Channel catfish typically reach sexual maturity within two or three years when kept as pets in captivity, and these tenacious fighters usually prefer dead bait such as nightcrawlers and minnows; they will occasionally accept prepared stinkbaits and lures. Their scaleless bodies and large mouths make them great sportfishing targets; channel catfish also often serve as popular trophies at pond competitions.
Walleye
Walleye fish have unique eyes with reflective surfaces called “glassy, ” giving it a distinct name. Walleyes can thrive in many types of water environments but reach their highest concentration in large shallow lakes that are turbid. Lake walleyes tend to spend their days hiding near the bottom using structures like reefs, sunken trees, or weed beds for cover; as dusk approaches, they move closer to shore in search of food such as yellow perch, crayfish leaches, or amphibians for sustenance.
As soon as ice recedes from rivers and lakes and water temperatures warm, male walleyes begin courting females for spring spawning season. Spawning usually occurs near impassible falls and dams or coarse-gravel shoals in river and lake channels at depths ranging from 1-5 feet. Male walleyes mature at three years of age while four is necessary for females to reach sexual maturity. Male walleyes feature a distinct white tip on their lower lobe tail fin with an accompanying black blotch on their first dorsal fin membrane.
Northern Pike
The northern pike (Esox lucius) is an aquatic predator with sharp teeth and complex skull and jaw structures. As one of the top-level predators, they play an essential role in keeping aquatic ecosystems balanced. Their predatory behavior includes hunting fish, amphibians, crustaceans, small mammals, and birds for sustenance.
This fish typically lurks in murky, vegetated areas, waiting to ambush any passing prey. It has a long head topped by an open shovelnose and a large mouth full of solid teeth. Furthermore, its long body has a deep V-shaped tail for added camouflage.
Its colors range from olive green to brown with light bar-like spots scattered over its dark body, while its face and gill covers are white to creamy in hue. A close relative is the Esox masquinongy which has light-colored scales on its body but only one dorsal fin.
Northern pike’s slippery body reduces friction, helping them move swiftly through the water. When caught, however, they may try to escape by flailing around desperately; to prevent this from happening and stay alive longer is to keep them submerged in water as long as possible.
Bluegill
Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) are freshwater fish in lakes and slow-moving streams throughout the United States. Also referred to by anglers as “bream,” these bluegill are popular game fish among beginners as well as experienced fishermen alike.
Catfish possess a deep and strongly compressed body with small jaws located on a short head, and rounded pelvic fins. Their opercle has a dark tip which gives it its name; mature males in breeding colors feature an eye-catching copper or cream-colored band running along their nose and back to their gill covers – giving rise to their species name.
Bluegill are usually found in shallow waters with abundant vegetation, though they can sometimes be found further out as long as the temperature stays warm enough. Bluegill are omnivorous fish, feeding on both zooplankton as young and aquatic insects as adults; for protection from predators, they hide under submerged trees or debris and swim quickly when needed to escape detection.
Crappie
Crappie (Pomoxis) is an increasingly popular freshwater game fish known for its succulent, delicious meat. Boiling, frying or baking it’s sure to satisfy anglers looking for healthy options to enjoy during their fishing experience.
Black and white crappie fisheries can be found throughout North America in freshwater lakes, reservoirs, ponds, backwater pools, slow rivers, and streams. Both varieties prefer clear waters with plenty of vegetation as well as sandy or muddy bottoms in which to live.
As juveniles, seahorses primarily feed on zooplankton, crustaceans and insects before feeding smaller fish larvae and insect eggs as they mature.
Salmon
There are many different varieties of salmon in the waters worldwide, and each has its unique characteristics. The chinook salmon is the largest species of salmon, reaching weights of over 126 pounds. The average size for a king salmon is about 20 pounds. King salmon, also called chinooks, have great-tasting meat, but they’re also very strong fighters and must be carefully handled when fishing.
Steelhead trout, a species of rainbow trout, spends its entire life in saltwater. While salmonids are the best freshwater game fish, steelhead are better table fare. Their diet is high in fat and very different from freshwater rainbow trout’s. Salmon, on the other hand, live in rivers. Steelhead are incredibly resilient, making them a great choice for fishing.
Pink salmon, also known as kokanee, are popular game fish in many parts of the world. They are often shy and feed exclusively on plankton. Most anglers use a medium-sized eight to twelve-pound rod with 150 yards of ten-pound monofilament line for these fish. Popular lures include small pink spoons, buzz bombs, and hotrods.
White Bass, Striped Bass, and Hybrids Bass
Two varieties of bass are hybrid and white, with the former being a silvery-gray color and the latter a pale blue or yellow color. The two species are essentially the same, except for stripes and a tooth patch in the middle of the tongue. Hybrid bass is the most commonly caught of the two, but white bass is slightly larger.
Several species of this fish are native to North America, including the largemouth and the smallmouth varieties. White Bass is the most common species, although it is a relatively rare species in the Midwest. It is a fast-growing sport fish with a body length between its parents and is often found near larger populations. Hybrids, are also common in lakes.
Although the species is similar in appearance, their main differences include diet and habitat preferences. Striped Bass feed on anything alive, including shad, mollusks, and other fish. They feed primarily during the day and move to shallower waters at night. Hybrids and White Bass feed on other species of forage fish.
How To Identify Common Freshwater Fish
