PostgreSQL Useful Links

If you’re a beginner to PostgreSQL, you’ve probably stumbled upon the various useful links on this page. In addition to the documentation, the PostgreSQL website provides links to third-party vendors, independent groups, and hardware-optimized versions of the database. Not only is this a popular choice for businesses, but many government agencies and other institutions also rely on this open-source database.

Embedded SQL

Embedded SQL is a feature that allows you to embed SQL statements in your program. This feature requires the host language to be C. A preprocessor is required for embedding SQL in a program, which converts SQL statements into API function calls. The preprocessor is then run before the program can run. It is important to link the Embedded SQL library with regular libraries, as well as libpq.

If you want to learn more about this feature, consider looking into the SportsDB sample database. This database has a vast structure and many tables. You’ll be able to use the index to search for lowercase usernames. This will save you a lot of time if you want to create custom indexes. Embedded SQL will also enable you to search for a specific value on a specific column.

Another useful feature of Embedded SQL is the ability to access data from other systems. This is possible with foreign data wrappers. These wrappers allow you to retrieve data from any system, including the file system, another RDBMS, and even a web service. You can use these wrappers like regular tables in PostgreSQL. They even allow you to join data from multiple sources using the join function. PostgreSQL manages security on a per-role basis, which means that permissions can be granted or revoked on any object.

Embedded SQL in PostgreSqL is an advanced SQL database management system. It is available for a variety of platforms, and has a solid reputation for stability and performance. The open source project has been around for more than 20 years, and is maintained by a large international community. If you’re new to using it, check out the various resources available online. It’s free to use and developed by a diverse community.

Binary replication

When implementing Binary Replication in PostgreSQL, it is important to understand the differences between SQL and native code. SQL code is written first into C code and then passed through ECPG preprocessor, which replaces SQL with calls to a library of code. The code generated from the preprocessor is then compiled by the C compiler. Because the language does not recognize all C++ constructs, the data must be preprocessed before it can be processed by the computer. PostgreSQL’s security management is done per-role, and permissions are granted or revoked on objects such as database, schema, and tables.

In synchronous replication, a write transaction is propagated to all standby nodes. The master server commits before the write transaction propagates to the standby nodes, ensuring consistency between the replica servers. In asynchronous replication, the master server commits before it propagates the change to the standby nodes. The changes propagated to the standby nodes are expected to be committed.

Streaming Replication is another option for binary replication in PostgreSQL. This replication option is particularly helpful for high-availability systems. With Streaming Replication, failover is very simple. However, you’ll need to configure it first. You’ll need to set wal_level to replication and max_wal_senders to the number of standby connections. Once you’re done with that, you’re ready to deploy your replication solution.

While binary replication is usually a simpler and faster process than SQL, you can also use a PITR process. This technique, also known as log shipping, allows you to replicate changes on the master. The PITR feature is essential for most binary replications. So, if you’re using PostgreSQL 8.x, you can use the PITR feature to replicate changes between the master and slave instances.

Speed

If you’re using PostgreSQL to store and retrieve large amounts of data, you can expect a noticeable improvement over MongoDB. Both are capable of storing terabytes of data, and they use the same indexing system. But how much faster are they than MongoDB? This is a question that’s ripe for debate. One way to judge the difference between the two databases is to see which is faster, and for what purpose.

The first major benefit of PostgreSQL is its scalability. As a robust database engine, it can support data volumes as large as 65,000 GB per table. Additionally, PostgreSQL’s high capacity means that it can handle thousands of simultaneous users, which is an important criterion for a registry database. For instance, Afilias’ internal tests have shown that PostgreSQL scales to thousands of concurrent queries without negatively affecting query speed. Then, there are other benefits. Because of these advantages, PIR is willing to commit to stringent service levels.

While human perception is not the only factor, extra time has a large impact on cost at scale. Extra time can affect cloud infrastructure costs. In addition to storing data in memory, Postgres can also be used to test the speed of PostgreSQL on in-memory file systems. For instance, with delayed_commit, a large number of transactions can be bundled into a single fsync every 10 seconds.

Another important factor affecting the speed of PostgreSQL is its ability to adopt new database theories quickly. While Ingres did not implement SQL, it has adopted the standard as it evolved. This makes PostgreSQL one of the most fully compliant SQL implementations. The database has undergone many revisions and has a history of adaptability. Consequently, it is a strong contender for the fastest RDBMS in use today.

Security

When it comes to securing your database, PostgreSQL is a strong choice. Its high security level makes it difficult to hack and is based on sensible design choices. There are some configurations that make it easier for attackers to discover and exploit your server. Fortunately, there are several ways to ensure that your database is secure. Listed below are some tips and tricks to keep your database secure.

First of all, let’s discuss how security can improve your overall database. While your database may have the necessary features and security policies, it’s not immune to attacks. In fact, a recent attack known as PgMiner shows the importance of continuous monitoring and problem resolution to prevent attacks. For example, an attack known as PgMiner impacted over 90% of analysed enterprise application codebases. With such a large number of vulnerable applications, security and compliance issues are especially critical.

The key to securing your database is keeping it out of the wrong hands. Untrusted languages like C are notorious for allowing arbitrary code to be injected into the database’s backend. By contrast, PostgreSQL has built-in security features, placing primary trust in the database’s administration team. This means that any attack on your database can be thwarted – or at least, minimized.

In addition to securing your database, you can also protect it from hackers by using TLS or SSL-based encryption. PostgreSQL offers several levels of encryption and is recommended to be used with TLS 1.2 or higher. You can even choose to encrypt your communication with your server using a different encryption key for each client session. There are also many ways to secure your database – and PostgreSQL is no exception.

Robustness

There are several benefits to using the robust PostgreSQL database. It has been in existence for a long time, which gives it plenty of benefits, including ACID compliance. ACID refers to the atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability of database transactions. If any of these properties is compromised, PostgreSQL will continue to function. This is especially important during QA and QE procedures, since they may involve an unstable infrastructure.

Among these features are replication modes – asynchronous, synchronous, and physical. The latter allows for faster updates to standby servers with streaming replication. Logical replication uses the publish and subscribe model and is based on replication identity, while physical replication deals with physical locations. In PostgreSQL, there are several ways to perform replication. Physical replication replicates the state of database tables, while asynchronous replication uses write-ahead logs to copy and distribute data to the other replicas.

Unlike other databases, PostgreSQL uses a fork-based process model for all connections. This makes tuning PostgreSQL difficult, and adding more connections degrades performance around two-times cores. Then, eventually, you’ll find yourself with a database that’s slower than you expected. However, this feature will be more convenient as your database grows.

Another important feature of PostgreSQL is its multi-version concurrency control, which makes it possible to run several processes simultaneously. By enabling snapshots, you’ll be able to avoid conflicts that can occur between processes. This feature is very important for modern website applications, as they frequently process hundreds of thousands of requests per second. Because of this, scalability is one of the most important considerations for most organizations.

Here are some PostgreSQL references, which may be useful.

Reference Type	Link
PostgreSQL Home page & Download	https://www.postgresql.org/
PostgreSQL Online Documentation	https://www.postgresql.org/docs/manuals/
Citus – Scalability and Parallelism Extension	https://github.com/citusdata
Free PostgreSQL Training	https://www.enterprisedb.com/free-postgres-training
PostgreSQL Wiki	https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Main_Page