Bert Swope
No matter your water bill needs or landscaping goals, there are multiple strategies available that could help. From saving on bills to creating lush gardens that thrive despite our dry climate – there is something here for you.
Start by replacing turf areas with low maintenance groundcover, flower gardens, and shrubs such as groundcover or flower gardens; group thirstier plants (like vegetables ) together so they can be watered more effectively;
Choose Native and Drought-Tolerant Plants
Plants adapted to local climate and soil conditions tend to require less water; many even thrive without additional irrigation during periods of drought. Your area’s nursery or cooperative extension offices may have lists of suitable species to meet this need.
Adopting native and drought-tolerant plants can reduce maintenance and pest issues that arise with more water-demanding varieties such as tropical, exotic, and annual flowers. Furthermore, grasses that create lush green lawns are among the thirstiest plants in any landscape setting.
To improve the soil’s ability to retain water, mix plenty of compost or organic matter in with your planting hole when you plant. Compost adds nutrients while improving structure allowing more water to remain in the ground longer. Deep watering with full root zone saturation rather than spray irrigation (which encourages evaporation) promotes deeper root development while being more environmentally sustainable than spray irrigation methods.
Group Plants by Water Needs
Garden that save water can add beauty and save household water usage. Proper irrigation practices are key components in water conservation, keeping plants healthy throughout the growing season.
One way to conserve water is to group plants according to their water needs. Landscaping professionals use “Plant Factors” as a resource, to divide landscape plants into categories with zero, low, moderate and high requirements – this allows more targeted irrigation scheduling as you avoid over or under-watering your plants.
Examples include rosemary and thyme having minimal water needs while roses and vegetables require much more. Also, large-leafed plants lose water more rapidly through transpiration than their slender-leafed counterparts; watering at different times of the day helps minimize evaporation – specifically early in the morning when temperatures are cooler, and winds are lowest.
Improve Soil Quality
When creating and maintaining a garden that conserves water, it is vitally important to focus on soil quality. A healthy soil helps hold and store more of what comes out, while also helping regulate its cycle.
One way to improve the soil in your garden is by adding compost and organic matter. This will bind together looser parts of soil, increase pore space and provide essential nutrients that plants require for growth.
Do not allow the soil to become dehydrated. To check its moisture, dig a small hole and observe how much moisture there is present. If it still remains damp, wait until its depth dries out sufficiently – generally around 12 inches before returning to gardening activities.
Avoid walking on the soil and keep paths in your garden clearly marked out to reduce foot traffic that compacts it, preventing water and nutrients from penetrating further into it.
Deliver Water to the Root Zone
When designing and maintaining a garden that conserves water, water must directly reach the roots of plants. This will increase soil water-retention capacities over time and reduce weeds, pests, disease outbreaks, and plant failures.
Water should be applied slowly and deeply to ensure water reaches the root zone efficiently. Deep hydration provides more effective soil moisture retention by moistening deeper levels while simultaneously saturating fewer pores in the soil.
Slow water application allows you to observe how moisture moves through your soil and understand its movement. This data is valuable when planning drip irrigation systems for vegetable crops, shrubs, and ground covers in your landscape as it helps determine proper spacing of emitters in drip systems and prevents unnecessary waste of water and nutrients. Furthermore, our shared responsibility to preserve this precious resource includes refraining from practices that contribute to surface and groundwater contamination from the use of fertilizers, pesticides, nitrates, or other pollutants which lead to surface and groundwater contamination through practices such as misuse of fertilizers, pesticides nitrates or other pollutants that polluting our waters – including any practices which contribute to contamination by way of improper application of fertilizers, pesticides, nitrates etc.
Deep Watering
Deep watering is essential to designing and maintaining a garden that conserves water. By submerging the soil in water for an extended period, such as eight inches, deep watering allows water to soak deeper into its root zone, where plants thrive better in adverse weather conditions.
The frequency of deep watering depends on various factors, including soil type, temperature, and age of the plant. New plantings will require additional irrigation during heat waves.
Rate of delivery is also key – rapid deliveries can quickly cause soil saturation and deplete oxygen supplies to the roots, leading to plant death. Therefore, water should ideally be delivered gradually via soaker hoses or drip irrigation systems.
Drip Irrigation
Drip irrigation saves water while providing your plants with just the amount they need – an invaluable benefit because overwatering leads to weed growth, and fertilizer runoff into lakes and streams and can even lead to soil erosion and flooding.
If you own a drip irrigation system, be sure to perform regular checks for clogs and algae growth. By taking proactive steps now, your irrigation system should last much longer without incurring costly replacement expenses later.
When using drip irrigation, make sure to water slowly and deeply – the ideal depth for most soils is 6″. When watering using canisters of empty tuna or cat food cans under your sprinkler system, stop when the can is filled to depth of 1″.
Another great way to reduce irrigation usage is hydrozoning – grouping plants with similar watering needs together so as to avoid overwatering. Applying biodegradable mulch is another good gardening water conservation solution as it prevents loss due to evaporation while helping the soil retain moisture levels.
Soaker Hoses
This hose lays flat when not filled with water and coils up for easy storage. The durable fabric covering keeps bugs and debris at bay while allowing water to flow smoothly.
This garden hose features porous holes along its length, making it the ideal way to water vegetable or shrub plantings and maintain soil hydration levels in gardens of any length. Available as 25-foot and 50-foot versions, you can select which length works best for you and your garden space.
Black hose can be difficult to conceal, but you can cover it easily in soil and mulch for less visibility. Tent pegs may help secure its position if leaving out permanently; remember that gravity plays a big part in how water flows around an object buried underground.
Apply Biodegradable Mulch
An organic matter layer of four to five inches will increase water holding capacity by as much as 45 percent in sandy or clay soils, making compost, manure, or leaf mold an integral component of vegetable gardens. Growing cover crops such as alfalfa, buckwheat, oats, or winter rye will gradually increase this layer in your garden soils.
Mulching will reduce evaporation, keeping soil more humid for longer and helping prevent weeds. Drip irrigation further reduces water use by applying appropriate amounts directly to the soil rather than spraying onto leaves or stems where most evaporation occurs.
By grouping plants by water needs, you can help minimize water usage. Place heavy drinking plants close to their source while drought-resistant varieties further away; on sloped sites, put heavier drinking plants nearer the base while planting less-water-hungry vegetables at the top.
Collect And Use Rainwater
Water catchment systems ranging from large 5,000-gallon cistern systems to simple rain barrels can help your garden reduce its dependence on commercial water while conserving natural resources. Before collecting, however, ensure all leaky pipes have been repaired and that your soil can support retaining enough water (see steps below).
Rainwater normally runs off driveways, sidewalks, roofs, and landscaped areas into stormwater systems before making its way into rivers, lakes, and oceans. By collecting rainwater on your property to water plants directly with it instead, raindrops collected are distributed into the soil directly, replenishing local aquifers while decreasing runoff pollution and erosion.
Some plants, like roses and hibiscus, require large amounts of water each week, so beds with at least an inch should be provided for them. Others, like lilacs and phlox require less frequent irrigation but could benefit from extra moisture if planted in afternoon shade with mulch covering.
